Arnica: what it is, benefits and properties

The Enecta products:

they are not medicines;
they are obtained from hemp varieties registered in the Common European Register and in compliance with the other requirements provided by law 242/2016;
they have been duly notified in the European Cosmetic Products Notification Portal (CPNP).

Our blog articles are for informational purposes only and are not intended to qualify our products as medicines or to attribute therapeutic properties to them.

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What is arnica?

Arnica is a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Its scientific name is Arnica montana and it can be found in all the mountainous regions of Europe and North America. This perennial plant will capture your attention with its vibrant yellow-orange flowers and its oval, particularly velvety leaves.

The arnica montana is appreciated by herbalists, physiotherapists, mothers, and athletes for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which make it one of the natural anti-inflammatory for excellence.

What is arnica used for?

Arnica can be very useful for relieving pain and swelling associated with bruises, sprains, joint and muscle pain, as well as insect bites. In cosmetic dermatology, the arnica cream is commonly used to reduce bruising and postoperative swelling and to speed up recovery after certain types of cosmetic procedures.

There are also oral products based on arnica, usually recommended for sore throat, superficial phlebitis, and gum discomfort after wisdom tooth extraction. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has not approved claims supporting the use of arnica-based supplements; it is, however, very common in homeopathy.

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The properties of arnica

The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of arnica are due, among other things, to a substance called helenalin, which blocks the release of a protein (NF-kB) involved in the body's immune and inflammatory reactions. Helenalin can also reduce the migration of white blood cells (granulocytes) and stabilize the membranes of inflamed cells.

The pain-relieving and antiseptic action of arnica, on the other hand, is attributed to another substance called dihydroelenalin, substances capable of killing bacteria and fungi.

The properties that stimulate the immune system are finally due to complex sugars (polysaccharides) present in the arnica flowers, which can improve the immune response by helping the complement system (a part of the immune system) and increasing the activity of the cells that "eat" bacteria and dead cells (phagocytes).

How long does it take for arnica to take effect?

For bruises, sprains, or muscle pain, arnica takes effect within a few hours of its first application. For milder conditions, a reduction in swelling and pain can be felt within 24-48 hours. For more severe or chronic inflammations, prolonged use of arnica may be necessary to achieve significant improvement.

The effectiveness and speed of action therefore depend on the severity of the condition being treated and the method of application of the arnica.

A cream based on arnica montana and other active ingredients such as CBD and devil's claw can certainly enhance the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effect of arnica and be the ideal solution for those looking for an ally for muscle recovery.

How many times can arnica be applied?

Arnica can be applied to the skin several times a day, depending on the needs and the instructions provided with the specific product.

The generally recommended use is 2-3 times a day. Remember to follow the instructions on the product packaging and do not exceed the frequency of application to avoid skin irritation.

If you use homeopathic products based on arnica, it is essential to adhere to the doses recommended by your doctor or homeopath. In case of doubts or adverse reactions, it is always best to consult a healthcare professional.

Arnica: what studies say

According to a study that investigated the effects of arnica on pain, this plant has an activity comparable to that of drugs commonly used for pain management, such as ibuprofen or diclofenac.

Another study on arnica and muscle performance tested the effectiveness of arnica in reducing pain in twenty well-trained men who experienced delayed onset muscle soreness. Throughout the study, arnica was applied every 4 hours to the quadriceps and gluteal muscle areas, immediately after a downhill running program designed to induce muscle pain (DOMS). All participants who used arnica reported feeling less pain after exercise.

Another study on the role of arnica in cosmetic dermatology highlights that arnica is a traditional homeopathic remedy capable of reducing edema and post-operative bruising, also clinically used to reduce issues associated with various procedures, including surgeries and laser treatments.

Side effects and contraindications of arnica

If used in large quantities and for a prolonged period topically, arnica may cause skin rashes, allergic reactions, and other sensitization phenomena.

The contact with the plant may cause blisters, ulcers, and itching.

The intake of arnica-based supplements instead (which, as we have seen, do not seem to be approved) could cause gastritis, stomach ache, diarrhea, heart disorders, and other issues not to be underestimated.

Arnica should not be used by those allergic to its active ingredients and by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Bibliography

Smith AG, Miles VN, Holmes DT, Chen X, Lei W. Clinical Trials, Potential Mechanisms, and Adverse Effects of Arnica as an Adjunct Medication for Pain Management. Medicines (Basel). 2021;8(10):58. Published 2021 Oct 9. doi:10.3390/medicines8100058

Pumpa KL, Fallon KE, Bensoussan A, Papalia S. The effects of topical Arnica on performance, pain and muscle damage after intense eccentric exercise. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(3):294-300. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2013.829126. Epub 2013 Aug 16. PMID: 23947690.

Sherban A, Wang JV, Geronemus RG. Growing role for arnica in cosmetic dermatology: Lose the bruise. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Jul;20(7):2062-2068. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14191. Epub 2021 May 15. PMID: 33930256.