CBD effects on the brain

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they are not medicines;
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Our blog articles are for informational purposes only and are not intended to qualify our products as medicines or to attribute therapeutic properties to them.

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The CBD plays a fundamental role in interacting with the endocannabinoid system, a complex lipid system that regulates a wide range of biological functions. This system includes crucial functions such as mood, learning, memory, attention, sleep, appetite, and pain perception. The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), endocannabinoids, and metabolic enzymes. Although CBD shows a low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, it modulates their activity through various indirect mechanisms.

But how do these mechanisms interfere with our brain?

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What does CBD do to the brain?

The neuroprotective properties of CBD help preserve neuronal health and prevent or delay neuronal degeneration. As highlighted by a study on CBD and Parkinson's The benefits of CBD, particularly in improving motor symptoms, are especially significant in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, known for progressive neuron loss. CBD is able to exert protective effects on the brain thanks to its anti-inflammatory capacity, which helps reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the basis of inflammation. When we use the term inflammation, we usually think of other parts of the body, forgetting that a condition of chronic inflammation in the brain is a critical factor in many neurological conditions, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.

CBD is an excellent antioxidant and helps protect neurons from oxidative stress, caused by excessive free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate their aging, leading to neuronal damage and contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Moreover, CBD can influence neurogenesis, the process of forming new neurons in the brain, which is essential for brain functionality and adaptation, and it can help regulate apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death, thereby protecting neurons from premature death.

The impact of cannabidiol on brain functions according to scientific research

A scientific review on the effects of cannabidiol on the brain A human has examined 17 scientific studies conducted on volunteers to verify the immediate effects of CBD on the brain in people at rest or engaged in mental tasks. In healthy subjects, CBD improved communication between specific parts of the brain when they were at rest, both compared to those who had taken a placebo and compared to THC. Furthermore, CBD positively influenced brain activity during various cognitive tasks, such as emotion processing, word memorization, impulse control, and auditory or visual information processing.

In individuals at risk of developing mental health problems and in patients already affected by mental disorders, CBD had an intermediate effect on brain activity compared to placebo and healthy individuals during cognitive tasks. Furthermore, CBD influenced brain activity in patients with anxiety and altered the levels of certain metabolites in patients with autism spectrum disorders.

The review concludes by suggesting that CBD, when taken immediately, significantly changes brain activity and the connections between parts of the brain, both when people are at rest and when performing mental tasks.

Another study on CBD and neuropsychiatric disorders highlights that cannabidiol has potential therapeutic effects on a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. It can reduce brain damage associated with neurodegenerative and/or ischemic conditions and have positive effects on reducing psychotic, anxious, and depressive behaviors. the main biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with the therapeutic effects of CBD, focusing on their relevance to brain function, neuroprotection, and neuropsychiatric disorders CBD influences synaptic plasticity and facilitates neurogenesis.

Synaptic plasticity is the brain's ability to change and adapt over time, which through the creation of new connections between neuronal cells, and the strengthening of existing ones, is the process that allows us to learn new things and remember information.

CBD and brain inflammation

One study on CBD and Alzheimer's disease has studied the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of CBD, demonstrating that it can reduce the neuroinflammatory response and promote neurogenesis. The same study highlights CBD's ability to reverse and prevent the development of cognitive deficits.

CBD can therefore act on various inflammatory pathways in the brain, helping to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and modulate the activity of the immune system. Its action can contribute to reducing neuronal damage associated with any chronic inflammation and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

CBD and cognitive functions

According to this systematic review on the effects of CBD on the brain, cannabidiol improved the connection between certain parts of the brain involved in the control and planning of actions, while it reduced the activity of other parts related to emotions during rest, promoting the reduction of anxiety and unpleasant emotions. During cognitive tasks, such as listening to sounds or looking at fearful faces, CBD influenced brain activity differently, increasing activation in some regions and reducing it in others. For example, it increased activity when listening to sounds, improving performance, but reduced activity when looking at scared faces, helping to reduce the feeling of fear. Additionally, it changed the connection between certain parts of the brain during the processing of intense emotions or important stimuli.

CBD and memory

The same study analyzed the effects of CBD during a memory task. CBD had a positive effect on memory during a task that involved recalling words. It activated a specific part of the brain involved in memory, called the "striatum," a part of the brain involved in controlling voluntary movements and decision-making. It plays an important role in the brain's reward system and in habit learning, memory, and motivation.

Also the ability to promote synaptic plasticity, mentioned a few paragraphs ago, is a process useful for memory. Synaptic plasticity, in fact, is essential for memory because it allows the brain to store and retrieve information. When we learn something new, such as a word or a concept, the brain creates new connections between the neurons involved in that learning process. These connections become stronger each time we repeat the information or use it in some way. Synaptic plasticity allows us to consolidate our memories and recall them when we need to.

Cannabidiol in ADHD

Studies on the use of cannabis for ADHD they focus mainly on adults. Some case studies and observational research have shown improvements in sleep, mood, impulsivity, and concentration in adults with ADHD after using cannabinoids.

An interesting randomized experimental study on ADHD and cannabidiol has involved 30 adults with ADHD who were not taking other medications. In this study, some people received a CBD-based drug, Sativex, for 6 weeks, while others received a placebo.

The main objective of the study was to understand whether treatment with Sativex would improve cognitive performance and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. The study results showed that people who had taken Sativex exhibited a reduction in hyperactivity, impulsivity, and an improvement in concentration ability compared to those who had taken the placebo.

Sleep disorders in the neurological context

Also the sleep is an area of interest for CBD in the neurological context. Several studies on CBD and sleep disorders have shown that CBD is useful in improving sleep quality and reducing sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and frequent awakenings.

Once again, it is its interaction with the endocannabinoid system and other neurochemical systems involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness that allows it to be naturally useful, without sleeping drugs that could cause dependency or unwanted side effects.

CBD and cannabinoid tone

The cannabidiol acts indirectly on the endocannabinoid system by preventing the degradation of the amygdala and prolonging its action. This causes the endocannabinoid system to increase its tone, remaining active for longer. The increase in endocannabinoid tone can be crucial; some conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder or fibromyalgia are often associated with its deficiency. An enhanced endocannabinoid tone means a higher pain threshold, better sleep-wake balance, and a more balanced and positive mood tone.

CBD as an antiepileptic drug

As you know, Epydiolex, a CBD-based drug, has been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as a treatment for epilepsy and currently represents a safe and effective alternative in all cases of drug-resistant epilepsy or an alternative to traditional antiepileptic drugs, which can cause unwanted side effects in the long term. A study conducted on children with autism showed that nearly half of them experienced significant improvements in anxiety after taking CBD for over two months.

In conclusion, CBD is a natural resource not to be underestimated for brain wellness. Its multiple actions on the brain, including the modulation of synaptic plasticity and the facilitation of neurogenesis, offer significant potential to promote better cognitive and emotional balance.

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